Janet Sutherland was born in Wiltshire and grew up on a dairy farm, she is the author of
four poetry collections all from Shearsman Books: Home Farm (2019),
Bone Monkey (2014), Hangman’s Acre (2009) and Burning the Heartwood
(2006) and is working on her fifth about her great great grandfather’s travels
to Serbia in the 1840’s. A pamphlet, Crossing Over (Nosuch Press)
came out in 1983. Her poems are in many anthologies such as The
Virago Book of Love Poetry and The New British
Poetry 1968-88 (Paladin) and are published in magazines such as Poetry Ireland Review,
New Statesman and The Spectator. Prose memoir
has appeared in anthologies such as Queer in Brighton (New Writing South,
2014) and True Tales from the Old Hill (Frogmore Press, 2015). A critical essay on the poet Charles Reznikoff
appeared as an afterword to two new editions of his work, Holocaust, in the UK (Five Leaves Publishing, 2009) and USA (Black
Sparrow Press, 2007). She
won the 2017 Kent and Sussex Poetry Prize and received a Hawthornden Fellowship
for 2018. She has an MA in American Poetry from the University of
Essex. She lives in Lewes, East Sussex, UK.
https://www.janetsutherland.co.uk/
1 - How
did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to
your previous? How does it feel different?
I don’t think any of my books have
changed my life; work and family stuff flow round the edges and the writing
fits in where it can, but the books allow me to express publicly what I want to
express and I’m at my happiest when I’m writing. I’m incredibly grateful to
Tony Frazer of Shearsman Books who has published all four of my poetry
collections and who has supported my writing. My most recent work, Home Farm,
is the most autobiographical as it’s about the dairy farm where I grew up. It
includes poems about farm life, landscape, memory, forgetfulness and ways we
might look at, look after the earth itself as a Home Farm. In contrast the
previous book, Bone Monkey was a book length sequence about a
trickster-like character, brutal and amoral who wanders the earth by turns
perpetrator and poet, murderer and lover, gardener and carer. On the surface
they are very different, but I think the essence of the books is similar. A
recent reviewer, Peter Kenny, commented on how he sees the way my work compares
from one book the another here: https://peterkenny.co.uk/2019/11/06/exploring-janet-sutherlands-poetry/
2 - How
did you come to poetry first, as opposed to, say, fiction or non-fiction?
I fell in love with poetry and song
lyrics at an early age. I went for a couple of years to a Roman Catholic primary
school where we practiced handwriting by copying poems, sang and read the poems
from Longfellow’s Hiawatha, sang hymns and carols and did lots of in class detailed
work on poetry. I wrote my first poems age nine at that school and feel
fortunate to have missed out on the primary education in the UK today which is
focussed on grammar and getting things right (or wrong) to the point where joy and
creativity has been sucked out of English lessons. Later I fell in love with
the poets I studied during an English Degree at Cardiff and during a Masters
degree in American Poetry at the University of Essex.
3 - How
long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing
initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking
close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?
I generally take about three years on a
book but the initial stages of research and some of the poems may have emerged
while I was writing a previous collection. The book I’m working on now, working
title The Messenger House, I started around 2013 when I began to look at
the original handwritten journals of my great great grandfather, type them up,
make notes on them and travel to make my own journals of the same journey. At
the same time I was working on Home Farm. Some individual pieces come
quickly and some more slowly within the framework of a whole book. I edit
extensively and research widely in all sorts of directions. I quite often
include material from elsewhere and other documentation within poems. The poem
will usually alter radically during the editing process, layers may be added,
stripped away. I might look for the poem within another text or use visual prompts
either from direct experience for from images. I belong to a couple of groups
and will also sometimes share with individual poets during the editing process.
I find that editing over days, weeks or months and repeatedly coming back to a
piece after a break is useful.
4 - Where
does a poem usually begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end
up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book"
from the very beginning?
My first collection, Burning the
Heartwood, was composed of mostly short pieces I’d written over a twenty-year
period which included a ten-year writing gap. It included pieces I’d written in
my twenties and pieces from my early forties. The subsequent books, Hangman’s
Acre, Bone Monkey, and Home Farm have largely been written as book
length projects where the concerns I’m mulling over stretch over the whole book.
My current project, working title The Messenger House, will also be a
book length project as it’s based around journals my great great grandfather
wrote about his travels across Europe from London to Serbia in 1846 and 1847 accompanying
a Queen’s Messenger called Mr Gutch.
5 - Are
public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort
of writer who enjoys doing readings?
I love doing readings and meeting the
people who come along. I see readings as part of the process. The poems exist
on the page but also in the voice. I like working out which poems suit being
read aloud in public and in what order and how they sit next to each other. Readings
seem to me to be similar to the creative work of putting a book together in the
way the poems speak to each other and what their sequence should be.
6 - Do you
have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are
you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current
questions are?
I suppose I could say I’m looking for
clarity, looking at the record of what we humans do, in the tiny, small and
larger scales. I think the current questions are about “truthfulness”.
7 – What
do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Does s/he
even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?
Writers can take time to look in detail
at where we’re at, to dissect and examine and sometimes to produce a coroner’s
report on the state of the world. I think the writer’s role should be to
challenge. It seems to me that we are at the point of no return—and that if we
fail to act there will be no larger culture for writers to have a role in. This
is a collective responsibility – not just one for writers, it has to be said.
8 - Do you
find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or
both)?
I think the process of working with an editor
depends on which editor you have. Tony Frazer of Shearsman Books is very easy
to work with. He is incredibly hard working, knowledgeable and straightforward.
When we are working towards a new collection we’ll have an exchange of emails
over details like the cover, blurbs, etc but the poems haven’t generally been re-edited
although we’ll address layout issues, punctuation, typo’s etc. Editing is,
however, essential and I always arrange a session with a trusted poet when the
manuscript is nearly ready and will also have shared the manuscript with one or
two poet friends beforehand and changes will have been made at this stage
before I send it to Tony. I have heard of other poetry book editors who do a so
called “bastard hard edit” but haven’t experienced this myself…
9 - What
is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you
directly)?
It would be to subdue the critical
voice whilst writing the first draft.
10 - What
kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does
a typical day (for you) begin?
I don’t have a strict writing routine
but I tend, though not exclusively, to write first drafts in the morning and
edit later in the day. I like to edit over short sessions, leaving the work
repeatedly over the session, walking away, making tea etc because even a short
break of a few minutes allows one to see the work differently.
11 - When
your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a
better word) inspiration?
Walking and gardening both hold that
place for me. I have an allotment garden
where I grow the vegetables we eat and going there to work helps me think
through what I’m writing. There’s something about the physical act of gardening
where your hands and part of your brain are engaged on something else that lets
another part of your brain loose to think about the writing. Alternatively
researching without a specific purpose is helpful too – digging around in abstruse
areas, thinking about the language used, the ideas expressed – that’s also very
freeing.
12 - What
fragrance reminds you of home?
Silage and manure – I grew up on a dairy
farm! Also Honeysuckle – it grew outside my parent’s bedroom on the east side
of the farmhouse and I now grow it too.
13 - David
W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms
that influence your work, whether nature, music, science or visual art?
I spend as much time as possible
walking and looking. I live by the South Downs in the UK and can walk from my house
into the South Downs National Park. I like taking photographs of nature too
including close studies of flowers, leaves etc. I’m also influenced by
scientific and political writing both current and historical.
14 - What
other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life
outside of your work?
It’s hard to bring this down to just a
few writers but I love Anne Carson’s work, particularly Nox, Float and
Autobiography of Red. I also love the work of Lee Harwood who was a friend
– his final work, The Orchid Boat, is exquisite, also his Collected Poems (Shearsman Books). The work of Charles Reznikoff is also very
important to me.
15 - What
would you like to do that you haven't yet done?
I’d like to write at least a couple more
books.
16 - If
you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or,
alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a
writer?
I haven’t explored drawing/painting
since I was at school but I’d like to try that. I’d rather not pick another
occupation. I’ve worked in all sorts of places including factories and offices
and now I just want to write!
17 - What
made you write, as opposed to doing something else?
Writing is so interesting. It’s a
constant puzzle to find the way to express what you want to say using different
forms, the lyric, found texts, narratives, the testimony of others. It’s a way
to process experience but also to look outwards at what it’s like to be human.
18 - What
was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?
I read The Poems of C P Cavafy in English (Shearsman Books) and poems of his in other translations.
I recently watched a documentary film
called Outside the City, director Nick Hamer, 2019, which is about the
life of a Cistercian Monastery in the UK. It’s a very powerful study of an
enclosed order. I’m not religious but it was moving listening to monks who were
approaching death having spent fifty to sixty years in that contemplative life.
19 - What
are you currently working on?
I’m working on a new collection,
working title The Messenger House, about my great great grandfather’s
travels to Serbia in 1846 and 1847 with his friend Mr Gutch. It’s likely to be
a hybrid collection using some of his journals, my own journals and poems, long
with other historical materials. I’m at a fairly early stage and still working
out how it will be.
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