[Brendan McNally's photo of us in the Tin House Courtyard, as part of the Northern Comfort entry]
This is the text of the final of my four
solicited “Arc Walks” [see links to the whole series—Centretown, Glebe, Hintonburg and the Byward Market—as it appears here, including post-walk texts and links to the poem handouts] I’d been
commissioned to do this year, thanks very much to Arc Poetry Magazine (specifically
Frances Boyle, Chris Johnson and James Moran) and The Community Foundation. The
fourth walk was in the midst of some very cold weather—minus twelve or thirteen
degrees—but managed to be a walk nonetheless, unlike our penultimate walk
through Hintonburg. Thanks very much to my readers Colin Morton [see the link to his poem handout for the event here] and Danielle Gregoire (who recently returned to the Ottawa area after a four year haitus), and to both of them as well, among others (including Blaine
Marchand, Stephanie Bolster, Rusty Priske, Susan McMaster, John Bart Gerald and
Warren Dean Fulton), who provided essential details I might not otherwise have
known, as well as to Brendan McNally for providing a couple of photos of the
walk itself. Might there be more of these walks in the future? I’m not sure. My
research has already half-built walks through Lowertown and Elgin Street/Golden
Triangle, but let’s see how the next few months go, work-wise…
WALK
FOUR:
FIRST STOP: National
Gallery of Canada:
There have been numerous poets working in and through the National Gallery of
Canada over the years. Staff alone have included Susan McMaster, Nina Berkhout,
Anita Lahey, John Barton, Robyn Jeffrey and Stephanie Bolster. Susan McMaster,
for example, worked at the Gallery from 1988 to 2008, predominantly as Senior
Book Editor, as well as founding editor of Vernissage, the bilingual art quarterly of the National Gallery of Canada. McMaster,
mentioned briefly during my Glebe walk as a founding member of the intermedia
group First Draft, was also the President of The League of Canadian Poets(2011-12), founding editor of the national feminist magazine Branching Out (1973-80), served on the
editorial boards of Arc Poetry Magazine
and Quarry magazine, and was head of
the Feminist Caucus and the Freedom of Expression committees of The League of
Canadian Poets. She is the author or editor of some two dozen poetry books,
anthologies and periodicals, as well as recordings with First Draft, SugarBeat
and Geode Music and Poetry, and her work has been presented at the Great
Canadian Theatre Company, and workshopped at the National Arts Centre Atelier.
[Danielle Gregoire and Colin Morton]
The
benefit to a poet editing such a magazine as Vernissage was the possibility of original poetry appearing in each
issue. Work was included by both English and French-language poets, thanks in
part to an editorial assist by two published and well-respected Francophone
poets, Claire Rochon and Myriam Afriat, both of whom were already working at
the Gallery as editors. As McMaster says: “Rather than using translators,
except I think two cases, we used different poems per issue, always matched to
artworks.” At different points, Ottawa poets John Newlove, Anita Lahey, Colin
Morton and Sylvia Adams also worked for the magazine as editors and/or feature
writers, and there were contributions by multiple other poets, including
Governor General’s Award-winner Denise Desautels, Hélène Dorion and Gabriel Lalonde. As McMaster responded via email: “Starting with that first issue, works
by poets from across the country were made available in almost every issue of
the magazine until I left, and were also mounted on the new audioguides.” She
was good enough to provide an extensive list of writers from across Canada with
poems published in the pages of Vernissage
during her tenure, a list I include here in full: Stephanie Bolster, Ian
Tamblyn, François Morel, Veda Hille, Jean-Noël Pontbriand, Douglas Burnet Smith,
Michel Andrée Sincennes, Penn Kemp, Elizabeth Gourlay, Gabriel Lalonde, Christopher
Patton, Sandy Shreve, George Whipple, Hélène Dorion, Denise Desautels, François
Vigneault, Jocelyn Boisvert, Sylvia Adams, Colin Morton, Heather Pyrcz, Roy
Campbell, Anita Lahey, Diana Brebner, John Barton, Inge Israel and Gabriel
Lalonde.
It
was McMaster who invited Bolster to a meeting at the gallery which led to her
being hired as Assistant Editor on October 1, 1998, where Bolster remained
until she moved to Montreal to join the Creative Writing faculty of the English
Department at Concordia University in the fall of 2000. In 2002, McMaster
returned to her previous position of Senior Book Editor, with John Barton
taking over the position of Editor in Chief of Vernissage, a position he held until he left for Victoria, British
Columbia to take over The Malahat Review
in 2004.
Diana
Brebner, whom I spoke of as part of my Hintonburg walk, was one of numerous
poets who also came through the National Gallery to sketch out poems on visual
art, and her sequence “Eleven Paintings by Mary Pratt” won the 1992 CBC Poetry
Prize. This poem subsequently appeared in her second collection, The Golden Lotus (Netherlandic Press,
1993), and further, in her posthumous title, The Ishtar Gate: Last and Selected Poems. If one wished a quick
Coles Notes on the late Diana Brebner, the important facts would include her
mentorship of younger writers, her appreciation of the sonnet, and her
fascination with composing poems on visual art. Her long poem “Head of a Girl,”
also included in The Golden Lotus,
composed on the painting of the same name by Vermeer, won first prize in the 10th
anniversary Literary Competition of Netherlandic Press in 1991. The third
section, “Silver Fish On Crimson Foil,” of her “Eleven Paintings by Mary Pratt”
reads:
This is the river of blood, the salmon run;
so ruthless, in their dark bed, the dusk years
bring to bear, upon anything, or all things
that we care to call dreams. You want to
believe it will be easy, clear & fluid;
life
looks you straight in the eye, and you
flourish.
you want to believe; if You swim like crazy
everything turns out right at the end. Now,
I ask myself: What bloody river is this? I set
my mouth (that wants to gape) stubbornly shut.
I carry on, one silver creature on the heraldic
field, companion to lions and unicorns, worthy
of shields. I carry on. Up the river I go
to my crimson foil, the river, and bed,
that I am carried on; and the blue heavens
will move, reflected in all, and the silver
fishflash of my joy will shout, and then
every good thing will be words in my mouth.
Stephanie
Bolster says that when she first moved to Ottawa in the spring of 1996, she met
Diana Brebner at the League of Canadian Poets Annual General Meeting, held that
year at the National Library and Archives on Wellington Street. As Bolster
says: “She’d learned of my work through the editors at The New Quarterly, and shortly after, when the League proposed a
mentorship program, she asked if I’d be interested in working with her. I think
the mentorship lasted around three months (maybe six?) and we met regularly at
the Gallery, often just to talk in the cafeteria by those huge windows, and
sometimes to visit the galleries themselves. One of my ‘assignments’ was to
write a prizewinning poem (I was inspired by her having won the CBC competition
for her Mary Pratt poems, and the League contest for “Snow Angels”). My
favourite was to choose three works in the collection – she specified that they
be ones I resisted, not ones I immediately responded to as a writer, or ones I
liked – to inspire three poems. She chose three works herself, but didn’t complete
her poems.” Bolster adds that hers became the “Three Goddesses” poems at the
end of her second full-length collection, Two Bowls of Milk (McClelland & Stewart, 1999). Her first collection
composed in Ottawa, two of the four sections of Two Bowls of Milk were directly composed on visual art, from the
third section, “DEUX PERSONNAGES DANS LA NUIT: poems from paintings by Jean
Paul Lemieux,” and “INSIDE A TENT OF SKIN: poems in the National Gallery of
Canada,” a section originally produced as a chapbook through Vancouver Island
publisher Mother Tongue. The first of her “Three Goddesses,” composed on the
painting “Venus” by Lucas Cranach the Elder, reads:
Love, the Romans said they made you –
and how small you have become.
Barefoot on stones, you have no need
of fig leaves, for you’ve learned
to keep the body in itself and not to let
the breasts go loose. What child
could your hips span other than yourself?
In fear you’ve put on heavy necklaces
as though you were not enough. Your
painter must have thought you wanton,
his neck aflush with shame at posing a girl
unclothed for Art. Your shame at having
flesh is greater. Would you rather lack
a body and so be safe from probing
fingertips and gazes, be safe from what
that body wants? I have wanted
to turn away from the sudden ivory
of your skin, too rare a thing,
endangered, endangering its self
and mine by such exposure.
SECOND STOP: 206 Saint
Patrick Street:
From 1995 to 2015, poet, fiction writer, publisher and activist John Bart Gerald
and his wife, the artist Julie Maas, lived at 206 Saint Patrick Street where
they ran an Atelier/showroom for their publications and artwork. Born in New
York City in 1940, Gerald worked with Dr. Albert Schweitzer in 1960, lectured
at City College of New York and ran workshops at Saint Mark’s Poetry Project in
the 1960s, marched with Dr. Martin Luther King in 1965 from Selma to
Montgomery, Alabama, and published novels in 1964 (Viking) and 1972 (Farrar
Straus & Giroux). A former lecturer at Harvard, he quit the university for
their refusal to comment on the Vietnam War. The couple co-founded gerald and mass in 1978 to produce small publications of their combined writing and
artwork, as well as the Convention against Genocide when it fell out of
print. After years of living in Maine, he moved his family to Ottawa in 1995,
where he spent twenty years very active in writing, publishing and activism,
before moving to Montreal in 2015.
THIRD
STOP: 18 Murray Street: In June, 1972, Ottawa poet William Hawkins, discussed as part of the Centretown walk, and others were responsible for a poetry reading
outside in the Byward Market to memorialize the old Victoria Hotel, a building
that had been torn down earlier that year. The reading was held in the hotel’s
back yard at 18 Murray Street, an event we are only aware of due to the entire
transcript of the event published as a book by Commoner’s Press in 1973 as Northern
Comfort, a book self-described as “being a reading
of poetry by various people, given in the back yard of the Victoria Hotel 18
Murray Street, the Byward Market, Ottawa, on the evening of June 29th, 1972.” An article from the Ottawa Citizen
from October 25, 1972 writes that “The three story building at 18 Murray St has
erroneously come to be known as the Victoria Hotel. NCC spokesmen said its
historical value is vague and ‘marginal’ at best. […] It is assumed to have
been built in 1862.” The blog Urbsite
posted an article on February 8, 2014 [http://urbsite.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-victoria-hotel.html]
that provides further information on the history of the site, including on the
confusion of where exactly the Victoria Hotel may have sat, and a plethora of
information on fires, National Capital Commission missed opportunities, and
what lives here now.
The anthology Northern Comfort was transcribed from
recordings provided by Peter Lamb of Coon Hollow Films and Maria Sparks of
Ottawa Living Radio, and edited and sent to the printer by Ottawa poet Neil Flowers [see my interview with Flowers on the project here] via the moniker Monk Besserer (aka Neil Whiteman, brother of poet,
critic and archivist Bruce Whiteman) but returned from the printer after
Flowers had moved briefly to British Columbia, before eventually relocating
permanently to California, where he continues to work in the film industry. The
book includes transcripts of the evening’s readings by William Hawkins, Alyx
Jones, Robert Hogg, Marius Kociejowski, Christopher Levenson, Neil Whiteman, Jack Nathanson, George Johnston [discussed at length during my Glebe walk], Ronnie Judge,
“Unknown Reader,” David Andrews, The 47 Argyle Street Band, Christophe James
and Bill Stevenson. Incidentally, George Johnston couldn’t actually attend the
event, but read his poems over the phone (which was directly put to the
microphone) and poems by the American poet Charles Olson (as read by Hawkins).
As Cameron Anstee wrote of the book at the ottawa poetry newsletter in 2011: “The charm of the book lies in its apparent
faith to the recording. The transcription includes the speakers, the banter,
the introductions, comments from the audience, as well as a generous selection
of photos of the event.” He continues:
Northern Comfort occupies a unique position in these respects (at least so far as my own
reading has turned up). While the text initially appears to offer an
unadulterated transcription of the reading in question, numerous editorial
comments, as well as an introductory note, make clear that this is a fragment
rather than a whole. However, what is most interesting about Northern Comfort is that it was produced
in the immediate wake of the reading, rather than at a later date and further
distance. It was transcribed and published within one year of the reading. The
effect of this, in my opinion, is to create an object that shares the spirit
and intent of the initial reading. It is not total narrative, but rather a
strange, bizarre, wonderful book-object that mirrors the described strange,
bizarre, wonderful reading-event. The fidelity of Northern Comfort is not to the reading, but rather to the spirit of
the reading.
FOURTH
STOP: 27 York Street:
From November 1994 through the end of 1995, poet and chapbook publisher Warren
Dean Fulton ran The Vogon Reading Series at Zaphod Beeblebrox. The series was
named after the third worst poetry in the universe, taken, as the name of the
club itself, from Douglas Adams’ infamous The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, a quintet of novels originally begun as a
radio play. Ottawa’s Zaphod Beeblebrox self-described as “the original
nightclub at the edge of the universe, an intimate live music venue and dance
club featuring Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters and other such exotic cocktails,”
and existed here as the club’s second location from 1992 through to May 4,
2017.
The Vogon Reading Series was a continuation of
Fulton’s Vanilla Reading Series, a series held at Lois N’ Frima’s Ice Cream
locations in both the Byward Market and on Elgin Street from October 1993 to
October 1994, during Fulton’s time working there, providing poetry and ice
cream to a bevy of confused customers and passers-by. Readers during these
series included writers from Ottawa and beyond, such as Stan Rogal, Erin
Manning, Nadia Halim, Gwendolyn Guth, James Spyker, Kathryn Payne, Death Waits
(now known as Jacob Wren), Joe Blades, Catherine Jenkins and Patrick White, as
well as a variety of slam poets, and launches for the quarterly poetry, fiction
and comics journal Hostbox magazine.
It was also around this time that Fulton founded Pooka Press, a small press
focused on single-author poetry chapbooks, which still occasionally produces
titles from time to time.
It was through Vogon that Ottawa held the first
Poetry Slam on April 23, 1995, as part of the Ottawa Valley Book Festival. As
Fulton writes, a “Poetry Slam” was a “competitive, judged, and scored poetry
event, called Slam, a novelty, a poetry gimmick, with prize money, introduced
to me by Boston poet Marcel Kopp [….].” He recalls an earlier competitive
poetry event at Carleton University through the English Literature Society,
held during his tenure as President of the ESL, but the first “Slam” event,
following many of Slam founder Marc Smith’s original rules (formed in Chicago
in 1984 through the GET ME HIGH LOUNGE), was held in Ottawa through the Vogon
series. The slams drew immediate attention; the “summer slam” event, held
August 6, 1995, had a crowd of more than one hundred people. There were
concurrent Slam competitions emerging in Vancouver and Toronto during the same
time, and Jill Battson, who organized the Toronto events, often came through
Ottawa to participate in the Vogon events. The series also hosted the Ottawa
launch of the Michael Holmes’ The Last Word anthology (Toronto ON: Insomniac Press, 1995), one of a handful of
anthologies produced through the mid-1990s of the “next generation” of Canadian
poets. The Vogon Reading Series finally shuttered when Fulton relocated to
British Columbia, where he started working in the film and television industry, working on such projects as X-Men 3: The Last Stand, Arrow and Legion.
Over the years, Fulton has occasionally returned to Ottawa to visit, as well as participate in the ottawa small press book fair, during which he would also instigate a series of literary pub
crawls, later producing small chapbook anthologies of the resulting poems.
FIFTH STOP: 55 ByWard
Market Square: ByWard Market Building: When Ottawa’s VERSeFest Poetry Festival was
founded in 2011, there were those who spoke of it as the city’s first poetry
festival, unaware that there were at least two prior poetry festivals held
within the city limits, both of which were first held in the ByWard Market. In
1996, for example, Rob Manery and I organized the first of what became three
annual WHIPlash poetry festivals.
Founded as a two-day event, the first annual WHIPlash festival was held in the basement of Café Deluxe on Dalhousie
Street (the subsequent year’s festivals were organized solo by myself, with the
second held at The Upstairs Club on Rideau Street, and the third at Club Saw in Arts Court). Prior to that, the collective organizers of The TREE Reading Series put together a two-day poetry festival on August 6 and 7, 1982 as the
Ottawa Poetry Festival. The readings were held at S.A.W. Gallery, which at that
point was housed in the north end of the second floor of the Byward Market Square, a building originally constructed from 1927 to 1928 as the fifth
building to house Ottawa’s public market. The public market, itself, was
established in the 1830s by Colonel John By, an English military engineer, known
for supervising the construction of the Rideau Canal, and founder of the
original Bytown, the village that would eventually become both Ottawa and
Capital.
SAW
Gallery was originally named as an acronym for Sussex Annex Works, and founded
in 1973 by a group of local artists in a space on the second floor of Café Le
Hibou [an establishment discussed at length during my Centretown walk], which
at that time was at its third and final location at 521 Sussex Avenue, before
recloating to the Market Building. In 1989, SAW finally moved to its current
home in Ottawa’s historic Arts Court Building.
As
part of the first year of the Ottawa Poetry Festival, Colin Morton edited and
produced, with design assistance by Carol English, the chapbook volume WORDFEST, an anthology that included
work by featured performers from the two-day event, including Cyril Dabydeen,
Mark Frutkin, Alice Groves, Blaine Marchand, George Miller, Riley Tench, Lorna Uher (Crozier), and Patrick White. Part of the offshoot of such an event, and
such a publication, was Morton’s decision to found Ouroboros [see my interview with Morton on Ouroboros here], an Ottawa-based
publishing house that produced books, chapbooks and ephemera by himself as well
as a number of poets around him at the time, including Susan McMaster, Chris
Wind, Robert Eady, Margaret Dyment and John Bell, culminating in the 1989 anthology
Capital Poets. In the introduction to
the first year’s WORDFEST volume,
David J. Freedman writes enthusiastically, offering:
This
is an historic occasion. It is Wordfest, and it marks the coming of age of
poetry in Ottawa. We, calling ourselves the Ottawa Poetry Festival, had not so
much an idea when we started as an opportunity which we took, and here, as in
the SAW Gallery, we present the issue of our efforts.
In
this souvenir volume we present the work of all participants. With only two
exceptions the poets are local, young and just beginning to come to notice in
the city, the country, the continent and beyond. This is our theme, and
inevitable once one begins to look at the talen in the city. And yet many of
the poets represented here came to Ottawa from somewhere else. And all of them
draw influences from elsewhere as well as here.
[Colin
Morton, reading from a poem composed during the first Ottawa Poetry
Festival, subsequently produced as the first Ouroboros publication
(which he handed out copies of); Chris Johnson, holding a sign; Grant
Wilkins and Marilyn Irwin, etcetera, listening/following]
A
second Ottawa Poetry Festival was held a year later, again with accompanying
chapbook anthology, and was expanded into a three-day event. Held from August
12 to 14, 1983 at the Friend’s Meeting House on Fourth Avenue (where The TREE
Reading Series was being held at the time; see my Glebe Walk for further information on The TREE Reading Series), the second annual WORDFEST anthology was again produced by Colin Morton and Carole
English, and included work by Richard Truhlar, Steven Smith, Colin Morton,
Steve McCaffery, Robert Hogg, Michael Dean and Ottawa poet Catherine Ahearn,
who was still in the midst of her tenure as Ottawa’s first official city poet
laureate.
Not
everyone might know that in the 1980s, the City of Ottawa (or, the government
body then known as the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton) hosted three
city poet laureates. Conceived by Ottawa poet, Dr. Catherine Ahearn in 1981 to
“help promote the City of Ottawa as well as enrich the lives of its citizens,”
she suggested the idea to then-Ottawa Mayor Marion Dewar, who made the position
official in 1982, and insisted Ahearn herself be the first to hold the
position. Created as a three year post, paying but a dollar a year, Ottawa poet
laureates were to write six poems a year, and attend various civic and
community group functions across the city. The position was later held by poet,
fiction writer and University of Ottawa professor Cyril Dabydeen (1984-1987),
and later, poet and former Anthos
magazine and Anthos Books editor/publisher Patrick White (1987-1990). As
Dabydeen wrote in a piece in The Ottawa
Citizen on November 15, 1986:
While no one has expected me to pen verses in
the manner of a D.C. Scott or an Archibald Lampman (the two best poets who ever
lived here), I've been tempted to justify the honour of being Ottawa’s poet
laureate by churning out heroic couplets on some epochal or historical event.
Why not, for instance, trace the history of Ottawa as a burgeoning small lumber
town, ringing with the cries of the Glengarry men on the Ottawa River on its
way to becoming a bureaucracy-crazed nation’s capital?
It
was White who moved out to Perth, Ontario in February, 1988, not five months
after Mayor Jim Durrell had named him Laureate, causing some consternation
around White retaining the title of city laureate. Around the same time, some of
the French-speaking poets in town were wondering why all three Ottawa Poet
Laureates had been English. Whatever the prompting, after White’s tenure as Laureate,
the position was quietly eliminated. Despite the likelihood that Ottawa had the
first poet laureate position in the country, it was years before it would exist
here again, even as laureates soon popped up all across Canada, from city laureates to provincial laureates to the ongoing federal version: after a
focused campaign by the National Council of The League of Canadian Poets, the
Parliamentary Poet Laureate position was created in 2002, a two-year post first
held by Vancouver poet George Bowering. Through her own tenure, Ahearn wrote
poems that seem exactly the kind Bowering would steer clear of, penning small
pieces on the Ottawa River, or on Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, some
of which were collected in her self-published Poet Laureate poems, 1982-1984 (1984).
After
years of a variety of local writers petitioning the city to reintroduce the
position, including Steve Artelle and Rod Pederson, it wasn’t until a committee
as part of Ottawa’s VERSe Ottawa, the group that runs the annual VERSeFest
Poetry Festival, that the city finally agreed. The new two-year position, one
with a proper amount of compensation, is now held in both official languages,
and the first two poets laureate were announced as part of the festival in March, 2017: Andrée Lacelle and Jamaal Jackson Rogers. The second pair of
laureates will be announced at VERSeFest in March, 2019.
SIXTH STOP: 56 Byward Market Square: The Mercury Lounge was the original home of Capital Slam, the biggest
regular Spoken Word Poetry Showcase in Ottawa history. Organizers of the series
have been legion, including Danielle K.L. Gregoire, Elissa Molino, Nathanael Larochette, Brad Morden, Sarah Ruszala, Blue, Janica Shivkumar and Rusty Priske. Capital Slam was founded in 2004 as a response to the first National
Slam Championship, which had been held in Ottawa that same year. Moving around
to a couple of venues after its original inception, Capital Slam returned to
the Mercury for its seasons finals in 2007, where it remained until October
2015, thus cementing Mercury’s moniker as “The Home of Slam in Ottawa.” By the
time of the subsequent event, in November 2015, Capital Slam had relocated to
the University of Ottawa’s Café Alternatif, an event which also included the
Capital Slam slam debut of Apollo the Child (who won that night’s slam). Slams
were still held monthly, but, according to online reports written up by Rusty Priske, only up to March 2016 [Gregoire suggests events did occur for a few months beyond this].
[Danielle Gregoire, performing; Frances Boyle, listening]
Organized by the
Capital Poetry Collective, Capital Slam self-described as “one of the longest running
slam series in the country,” and won the National Slam Championships twice: in
2009 and 2010. As Rusty Priske offers:
During
CapSlam’s run at the Mercury, they fielded two National Slam Champion teams, in
2009 and 2010, as well as launching the careers of two World Slam Champions,
Ian Keteku and OpenSecret (Ikenna Onyegbula).
For
a time Ottawa was considered one of the main centres for Spoken Word in Canada,
culminating in the largest single event crowd that the Canadian Festival of
Spoken Word has ever seen, as nearly 800 people packed into the Dominion
Chalmers to see Capital Slam win their second straight National Title. (Another
Ottawa team, Urban Legends, came second that year.)
Some names
included in those last few years of Capital Slam would include names familiar
to those who attend local readings, from John Akpata, Blue and Sarah Ruszala to
Lazy Hero, Omar Saghir and Avonlea Fotheringham, but would also include
appearances by Amal El-Mohtar, an award-winning writer of fiction, poetry and
criticism who subsequently held the position of Writer in Residence at the
University of Ottawa before becoming Otherworldly columnist at the New York Times earlier this year, and Sarah Kabamba, who longlisted for the CBC Poetry Prize in 2017.
The Mercury
Lounge also briefly hosted The Factory Reading Series, circa 2005, before the
series permanently relocated to The Carleton Tavern, as well as some of the
above/ground press anniversary events (beginning with the 13th anniversary event, and culminating with the 20th anniversary event in 2013), early launches for the Ottawa poetry pdf annual ottawater, and a variety of events over the years organized as part
of Ottawa’s annual VERSeFest Poetry Festival.
