Showing posts with label Penguin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Penguin. Show all posts

Saturday, May 30, 2026

12 or 20 (second series) questions with Nathan Hoks

Nathan Hoks is a poet whose books include Nests in Air, The Narrow Circle, Reveilles and Moony Days of Being. His poetry has been awarded the National Poetry Series, the Tomaž Šalamun Prize, and the Iowa Review David Hamilton Prize. He has also published translations of work by Vicente Huidobro, Henri Michaux, Tristan Tzara, and Christian Dotremont. He teaches poetry writing at the University of Chicago and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, and lives in Chicago with his family.

1 - How did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to your previous? How does it feel different?

Publishing my first book (Reveilles) made it possible to write my next book. It made it possible to move on from the writing I was doing in my 20s. It made space, it cleared a pathway. The recent work feels of the same mold. In the immortal words of Popeye, I yam what I yam. But (hopefully) better, stronger, clarified like ghee. 

2 - How did you come to poetry first, as opposed to, say, fiction or non-fiction?

As if I had a choice! Poetry came for me in the thick of the night. Something moved my hand. I couldn’t sleep.  

3 - How long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?

It feels both fast and slow. I’m almost always writing poems. Most of them are pretty awful. The ones that become parts of books usually have little resemblance to their first drafts. I have many, many notebooks, digital and analog, through which the work is always shifting and evolving. 

4 - Where does a poem usually begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book" from the very beginning?

Sometimes a poem begins with a phrase or word that gets lodged in my head. Sometimes what happens is I start to mix and match various fragments I’ve jotted down in notebooks. I tend to write clusters of poems and then I try to figure out how they talk to each other, what kind of community they form, and revise accordingly into a book. With most of my favorite poems, I have very little recollection of how or why or wtf was going on! They all involve extended processes and other parts of myself and the cosmos that I can’t always access. 

5 - Are public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort of writer who enjoys doing readings?

Yes and yes. They are important and yet they are quite distinct from what poetry means to me as a form of solitary writing and reading. I cherish both modes. Readings are communal—they help me feel connected to other travelers, which in indirect but definitive ways is vital to writing poems. In a practical way they also give me a chance to try out new work and go back to the lab with findings. I think I dread them as much as I enjoy them, but the truth is I almost always say yes to them.

6 - Do you have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current questions are?

How do I make language talk back? What else can a sentence do? What word combinations alter consciousness? What’s living in my basement? Who’s there? 

7 – What do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Do they even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?

To explore the verbal imagination by challenging language and exploring the consciousnesses it makes available. To invent strange or marvelous verbal constructions. To wake us up. These tasks have obvious social and cultural value. Whether or not anyone’s listening is another question. 

8 - Do you find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or both)?

I am humbled whenever someone gives attention to my work!

9 - What is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you directly)?

Start small (Richard Hugo). Gardening, not architecture (Eno and Schmidt).

10 - How easy has it been for you to move between genres (poetry to translation to critical prose)? What do you see as the appeal?

In my practice, poetry and translation are natural extensions of each other. I approach critical prose the way I approach house work. I like to clarify ideas like I like to have a (somewhat) orderly house; but it ain’t easy.

11 - What kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does a typical day (for you) begin?

Like the academic calendar, my routines come and go and are often subject to arbitrary, incomprehensible, and invisible administrative processes and planetary alignments. 

12 - When your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a better word) inspiration?

Tarot cards. AP News’ oddities. Walking. The Dead Kennedys. The Cure. Meditation. Yoga. Brian Eno & Michael Schmidt’s Oblique Strategies. 

13 - What fragrance reminds you of home?

Cinnamon. Pancakes. Woodburning stove. Windex. Dog hair. Chips Ahoy dipped in milk. Bergamot. Coffee (Metropolis’s light roast, Schweik’s blend).

14 - David W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms that influence your work, whether nature, music, science or visual art?

All of the above. And donuts. But more in a “vibe” kinda way. Moss, for example, influences my process. I aim for airborne spores in going from draft to draft. I spend a lot of time with visual art and music. For my work, the most direct influence is always other poetry.

15 - What other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life outside of your work?

Some things I often come back to include: Wuthering Heights, Blake, Bataille, Ashbery, Murakami, 1000 plateaus, Koch, Rothenberg’s Technicians of the Sacred, Kim Hyesoon, Bly’s Leaping Poetry, Tzara’s manifestos, Basho, Issa, James Tate, Notley’s The Descent of Alette, Homer, Hopkins, Keats, Lorca’s Poet in NY, Whitman, Dostoyevsky, the Tao Te Ching. 

16 - What would you like to do that you haven't yet done?

I would like to get my kids through college.

17 - If you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or, alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a writer?

The answer to both questions is televangelist. 

18 - What made you write, as opposed to doing something else?

Some weird combination of ego and compulsion. 

19 - What was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?

The Brothers Karamazov. 

20 - What are you currently working on?

I have a collaborative project with the poet Joseph Bienvenu in the works. Spitball Ballet, the first of a 3 volume set called Bad Arguments for Living, is now out! I also have a manuscript called Astronomic Gargle. Like the cosmos, some days I think it’s finished. Other days it looks like total chaos.

12 or 20 (second series) questions;

Friday, November 28, 2025

12 or 20 (second series) questions with Susanna Crossman

Susanna Crossman [photo credit: Morgane Michotte] is an essayist and award-winning fiction writer. Her acclaimed memoir, Home is Where We Start: Growing Up In The Fallout of The Utopian Dream, was published by Fig Tree, Penguin, in 2024. She has recent work in Aeon, The Guardian, Paris Review, Vogue, and more. A published novelist in France, she regularly collaborates with artists. When she’s not writing, she works on three continents as a lecturer and clinical arts-therapist. Born in the UK, Susanna Crossman grew up in an international commune and now lives in France with her partner and three daughters.

1 - How did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to your previous? How does it feel different?

Like lots of writers, my literary career hasn’t been linear and has taken me across countries, genres and languages. But each book, essay and prize has changed my life. When my first novel l’île sombre was published in France I toured around literary festivals with great interviews and events and it felt very much like coming home- finding my people. My acclaimed memoir, Home Is Where We Start: Growing Up in The Fallout of The Utopian Dream is the story of my utopian commune childhood, so the publication was more emotional but equally exhilarating.  The book was published by Penguin and attracted huge press/media coverage, and was reviewed in all the UK newspapers: the Times, Observer, The Mirror, The Spectator, the TLS etc. I feel very lucky. 

The Orange Notebooks has taken me back to the world of fiction ( I actually wrote it before my memoir but it came out afterwards). It’s the story of a mother coming to terms with the loss of her child. I am really happy to have this book out in the UK and North America, as an exploration of the persistence of love in the face of loss. With all my books I am drawn to the tragedies of being human but also our incredible capacity for love, humour and hope.

2 - How did you come to memoir first, as opposed to, say, fiction or poetry?

I write essays, shorts stories, novels and non-fiction, and have also written plays. However, since I was young I’ve been inspired by visual artists like Charlotte Salmon, Louise Bourgeois and Tracey Emin who make work linked to their life. I don’t think of it as a therapeutic process, rather that the realities are closely bound to each other. I love writing non-fiction and fiction, but they are different forms to me.

3 - How long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?

I am a very productive writer and rarely suffer from writers block, so I produce a lot of work fast. However I edit and redraft a lot. When I wrote The Orange Notebooks I knew the beginning and end - but not what happened in between. I needed to write to find out the story but also get to know the characters and discover the themes. Many readers comment on how layered my books are, and I think that is a reflection of the process.

4 - Where does a work of memoir or fiction begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book" from the very beginning?

From the start, I tend to know whether a piece will be book, short story or an essay. However, I do like using shorter forms to experiment and play with an idea. My memoir, Home Is Where We Start, was originally an essay: The Utopian Machine (Aeon), that went viral in 2022. Parts of The Orange Notebooks were based on experimental prose poems that I performed for Sagam Poetry reinterpreting the Orphic myth.

5 - Are public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort of writer who enjoys doing readings?

As I trained in Drama, and worked as an actress I really enjoy readings and have made performance pieces based on my work. I love the spoken voice.

6 - Do you have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current questions are?

I suppose I am trying to look at what it’s like to be alive, how we juggle rational and irrational thought, life and death, conflict and love, looking after this green planet?  I wonder what it was like to be alive one hundred or a thousand years ago and the difference today. I want to explore what makes us human.

7 – What do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Do they even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?

I think the role of the writer is to write about what moves you, and to be open to the world and what is happening today in all its horror and its glory, and write about the things that make your heart beat faster.

8 - Do you find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or both)?

I find it essential to work with editors and feel privileged to have worked with some amazing people. With each editorial process I feel like I learn more about my writing. Fresh eyes on a text are vital.

9 - What is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you directly)?

Read to write.

10 - How easy has it been for you to move between genres (memoir to essays to short stories to the novel)? What do you see as the appeal?

I see it all as writing, but one form can definitely stimulate the other. For example, in The Orange Notebooks I include factual information about bees, colours, trauma and other themes and learnt from my memoir about how to weave information into a braided narrative.

11 - What kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does a typical day (for you) begin?

I am writing full-time at the moment, and tend to dither first thing, check emails, make coffee, drift… Then once I get started I’ll write for about 4-5 hours. I don’t like to eat too much ( or like Borges only very plain food so it doesn’t distract me), so I just focus on the words. Similarly I only use brown notebooks. If I am writing a first draft, I try to finish the day at a point where the story is exciting, so I’ll feel motivated when I start the next day. If I’m editing I’ll try to get to the end of a chapter. I give myself small goals to achieve and that keeps me moving. I also love, love, love working in libraries. I wrote a lot of The Orange Notebooks in my local library.

12 - When your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a better word) inspiration?

I read a lot, and if I have a writing dilemma I’ll go for a long walk. I developed this practice during a residency in a Scottish castle where I edited The Orange Notebooks – asking myself one question about my manuscript, and then walking and thinking, and an hour later I’d usually found the answer.

For all stages, I often use visuals hand-drawn aids like charts, mind maps – I love Sellotape and coloured pens. This was really useful with The Orange Notebooks as the novel is made up of a fragmented diary entries with time shifts, so it was important to keep track of the balance within the novel.

 I find switching from screen to paper very helpful to undo writing problems. I write by hand and using a computer. I teach a course with London Lit Lab on how to use other art forms to unblock writing.

13 - What fragrance reminds you of home?

The smell of books.

14 - David W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms that influence your work, whether nature, music, science or visual art?

Everything feeds into my work, but probably visual art, science and philosophy have the strongest influence.  These are intertwined in the narrative of The Orange Notebooks.  As Anna, the heroine, navigates grief and trauma, she and those around will turn to science and particularly neuropsychiatry to try and understand her behaviour. The book references the visual arts through Anna’s obsession with colour and what she describes as “the duplicity of beige”, and philosophy as an attempt to understand disaster. She also becomes obsessed with bees and climate change as a metaphor to her own tragedy.

15 - What other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life outside of your work?

In parallel to my writing, I’ve worked in state hospitals for most of my life as a clinical arts-therapist, supervisor and lecturer. It’s given me a huge sense of meaning and also a great humility about life in general as for both staff and patients being and working in hospital requires daily management of disaster and suffering.  Hospitals have taught me to engage with hope, because, as André Malraux says, without hope you cannot breathe.

This work has been a major influence on The Orange Notebooks as a book reclaiming the lost language of mourning. Many end-of-life doctors and carers now recognise, and as Anna writes, “
We needed to keep death in life. We couldn’t banish it underground. But we had to connect with each other, make our own new stories, mix the living and the dead. Invent our rituals. Embrace it all. “

16 - What would you like to do that you haven't yet done?


I’d like to do a sabbatical year teaching writing in a university abroad ( please invite me – I will come!). I love teaching! I also have a zillion books in my mind that I need to write, and am currently writing full-time. 


17 - If you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or, alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a writer?


Sometimes I think I would like to have been a spy. I love being in cities on my own, incognito.

18 - What made you write, as opposed to doing something else? 

I taught myself to read when I was about three and a half and have written and read since voraciously since I was small child. However, I’ve also worked as an actress and been involved in visual art and performance, and work in hospitals. But really writing is at the core of everything. In The Orange Notebooks, Anna and her husband are also avid readers. She writes, “
We knew that once you were inside a single book it led to other books. Each single book was a library, a universe. Long ago, word after word fell in a delicate rain, and the words became a lake from which we drew our water.” 

19 - What was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?

I am currently a judge for the Queen Mary Fiction Prize for Small Presses so am reading some amazing books but sadly I am sworn to secrecy so I can’t tell you about those. As part of my research for my next novel, I just finished A Place of Greater Safety (set during the French Revolution) by Hilary Mantel – It’s 900 pages long, but brilliant to understand how idealism and brutal political reality co-exist.

20 - What are you currently working on?

I am working on two books: a non-fiction book about care, a kind of a collective hymn to the invisible acts that keep us all afloat, and a historical fiction novel set during the period of The Terror in the French Revolution. The latter is a page-turning adventure, set between France and the UK focusing on how everyday people navigate periods of violent political upheaval.

12 or 20 (second series) questions;

Monday, November 17, 2025

12 or 20 (second series) questions with Shani Mootoo

Shani Mootoo’s novels include Starry Starry Night, Polar Vortex, and Cereus Blooms at Night. A four-time nominee for the Giller Prize, her work has been long and shortlisted for the Booker Prize, the Lambda Literary Prize, and the IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. Her poetry books include Oh Witness Dey!, Cane | Fire, and The Predicament of Or. She has been awarded the Doctor of Letters honoris causa degree from Western University, is a recipient of Lambda Literary's James Duggins Outstanding Mid-Career Novelist Prize, the Writers' Trust Engel Findley Award, and The National Library’s Library and Archives Scholar Award. 

1 - How did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to your previous? How does it feel different?

I had no idea I would continue to write after my first book was published. I was a visual artist and videomaker and had not intended to write for publication at all, but a publisher approached me and invited me to write a book for them. As a kind of dare to myself, an experiment, I wrote nine short stories and called the lot Out on Main Street, after one of the short stories. It was meant to be an opportunity taken, but I was surprised by two things--how much I enjoyed working with verbal language, as different from visual language. I enjoyed making up stories, the whole process of working on the "how-to' of this kind of story telling. And then, when the book came out, I was amazed by the reach of a published book compared to the reach of the kind of art I was making. In my world of artmaking, we artists all knew or knew of each other, we were our audience and reviewed each other's work, and often showed together. But a book travels far out of the reach of its writer, falling into the hands of people one might never meet, in cities and towns and countries one might not visit. With that first book, my world had suddenly, unexpectedly, opened up and widened. 

But there is something else that speaks to the second part of your question. Although I had not anticipated or dreamed of being a writer, I was writing--scribbling--by way of trying to answer some hard questions about my early childhood. I had written quite a bit of this material at the time the publishers introduced themselves to me, but this was never meant to be published. It was purely for my eyes only. After I was published, in between the writing of each book, I would pull this 'stuff' out of the drawer and quietly go at it again. As I became better experienced at writing, the scribbling of that material also improved in quality, and I actually began to enjoy writing it, but as story now rather than as inquiry. It ended up being Starry Starry Night, my newest book. Having worked on it as a story for publication now, I realize that this particular book could never have been written cold, like Out on Main Street was. I had to write all the other books first, to learn how to write this deeply personal one, no longer for myself only, but for the unrelated reader.
 
2 - How did you come to fiction first, as opposed to, say, poetry or non-fiction?

I did, in fact, always write poems, from childhood to adulthood. But this was sporadic, with no focus, and no intention to publish. As I say above, I had not intended to be a writer at all. I was an artist when I was offered the opportunity to write for a publisher. They showed me a contract which they had partially filled out for me, and in the space indicating what work the contract was for, they wrote in " A book of short stories and, or, a novel". I chose short stories only because of my ignorance of the genre, and imagined that 'short' meant quick, if not easy, but at least easier than a novel. One thing I would add, my art practice and those little poemy things I always scribbled did influence how I saw images and how I translated them into words and sentences. 
 
3 - How long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?
This last book has complicated the answer to your question. Until this one, the writing of a story would begin with the tiniest idea that caught my attention, and yes, it would come quickly, say over the course of a year or so. Then another year would find me taking stock of what I had so quickly written, identifying the story, the real story within, and rewriting, shaping now. But as I said above, this last one, Starry Starry Night, had been in the works, so to speak, for some thirty to forty years. 

4 - Where does a poem or work of prose usually begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book" from the very beginning?

Everything begins with an image, a wordless image, that when scratched unearths an idea that then needs to be translated into words. It is this translation, getting it right, that then turns into a poem, or perhaps a long work. When an idea begins to be fleshed out, the excitement is then tempered by caution as I realize that I have been caught, so to speak, and can't stop myself from following a train of thought. I always say, then, "OK, but this one will be short. Not a short story, but not a long novel either. Perhaps a novella." But these things seem to develop a life of their own and there comes a point where I am just following the work to its end, and all have ended up being twice, and more, the typical size of a novella.  
 
5 - Are public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort of writer who enjoys doing readings?
I do enjoy giving public readings. The reading out loud starts as part of the creative process. I often read out loud, during the writing process, particularly when writing dialogue, and more so when that dialogue is in non-standard English, or includes, in my head, the accent of a Trinidadian. As an aside, public readings often include a question-and-answer period, and this engagement with readers is one of my favourite parts of putting a book out into the world.
 
6 - Do you have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current questions are?
There are many concerns I would call theoretical. I'll mention a few. Much of my writing references Trinidad where I grew up but left more than forty years ago, and which is a place that, in a sense, no longer exists. It was a paradise once, but is a dangerous place now, because of drug-related criminal activities of the worst kinds. My first concern, then, regards nostalgia, and any trap of romantisizing old times and ways, even as an aside to the main story that is being told. A giving-in to nostalgia can be a noisy distraction, weakening a strong story-line.

In Starry Starry Night, one major challenge was staying away from the usual story-telling ideas of the need for arc and denouement. This is tied to the reason for me calling this work autofiction, and not simply a novel. It was clearly not memoir, but it was also the unfinished story of a girl in the process of becoming and understanding her place in a family. The end of the novel, or the autofiction work, is actually the beginning of her life, so to speak. Bowing to the usual desire for an arc would have suggested a movement from beginning to end towards resolution, the possibility of completion, arrival, success, and all of those to me would have amounted to too much fiction, denying the 'auto' part of the word.

I also struggled, as I suggest earlier, with whether to term this work--that was clearly not a memoir-- a novel, or to term it autofiction. What is today called autofiction is an old form given a new name, but in the case of my book, the new naming seemed important. There are too many 'truths' in the book, regarding recognizable incidents and what are bridges clearly invented between incidents. Emotional resonances that are real but whose actual causal incidents have been lost in memory, are given invented scenarios to account for them, but played out so that they are a kind of hyperreality. I use real photos in the book, of real people who are the subjects of the story, but are differently named in the story, and the photos have been altered, blurring the faces of the people, just enough to make them not fully seen, even if they might still be recognizable. This use of photos was my attempt to further openly toy with the 'auto' and the 'fiction' of and in autofiction.
 
7 – What do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Do they even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?
To start with, I would say that the most important thing would be, as in any role, to do no harm. The word 'role' suggests to me a kind of office, or responsibility. It depends on the writer, then, I suppose. The relatively new proliferation of diverse voices and experiences in publishing has broadened readers' knowledge and understanding of the world. However, if the writer were to have a role in larger culture, then I think larger culture must also have a role in how it receives the work of a writer. Intelligence, wisdom, the ability to judge and discern would be needed on both sides. If the role is assumed on one side only, it is also being assumed that that side has power over the other, and this could be dangerous, for we can't be certain that sure these traits--wisdom, intelligence, etc., exist in all writers, or exist all around, in writers and readers in general, in amounts enough to confidently say that a writer ought to have a role in larger culture or society . 

8 - Do you find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or both)?
This process can be difficult when working with an editor one has not worked with before. But, even in a case like this, I always look forward to this part. It is a gift to have someone read my work with an eye to helping me make it stronger. I am very fortunate to have had editors with whom I worked well, and who understood my intentions. In particular, my last editor fully understood when I said that it was important to me to stay away from the sense of Starry Starry Night having an arc to the story line. This was vital to the work. The arc happens, so to speak, in the person, the protagonist, but ever so subtly. It was a risk to take, and my editor understood and helped me accomplish it as I wished.
 
9 - What is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you directly)?
It is only when you have arrived at the end of the writing of your story, that you will understand what it is you have been writing. Then, you can go back to the beginning and begin to write that story. V.S. Naipaul said this, or something close to this, or wrote it somewhere, and I may have interpreted it to suit myself. Still, it works for me all the time. 

10 - How easy has it been for you to move between genres (poetry to fiction to visual art to video)? What do you see as the appeal?
For some reason, unknown to me but for which I am grateful, I have access in myself to different ways of experiencing ideas, and disseminating them. The idea usually comes first, in the form of a feeling in the body--the hands wanting to gesture that may do so then in a painting--a sense, an odd set of words strung together, that must leave the body, but get fleshed out on paper over a period of time, or must be worked out as a moving project that involves sound spoken out loud as actions are made and all captured like a jewel in one place and brought to life by the press play button. There isn't a decision to be made about which medium is suitable; that decision is the material itself. 

11 - What kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does a typical day (for you) begin?
I have no writing routine. When a book is in the works, I will write sometimes for four hours, sometimes five, sometimes eight. And then not for three or four days before I begin again. A typical day begins early, with twelve minutes of Qi Gong, the meditation of coffee-making (cappuccini) and communing with the four parrots who are let out of their cages for an hour on mornings and run our lives for most of the day. A shake for breakfast. Then to the computer to see what has come into my inbox. I begin answering emails. This is all that is typical. The rest changes from day to day--if a book is being worked on, I approach it and might or might not work on it. Depends on where its at. A walk, a bicycle ride maybe, cooking something for dinner, barbeque, a trip into one of the nearby towns, WhatsApping with siblings. Routine might save me, but it would also surely kill my spirit. Then the birds again. They come out two more times for the day, which means they must be cleaned up after. These are the things that are fairly usual, but there are always several unplanned activities, thankfully. Right this minute, the birds are being taken out onto the porch, in their little hotel cages to get some sun and torment the hawks. I admire, more than envy, writers who have and keep schedules.

12 - When your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a better word) inspiration?
I don't dwell on what one might call a stall, don't spend a long time on something that isn't working. If something isn't working I find the place where the trouble began and start writing again from there, usually by first wiping out the entire area that stumped me. 

13 - What fragrance reminds you of home?
The odour of oil in which something sweet coated in white flour has been recently fried. 
 
14 - David W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms that influence your work, whether nature, music, science or visual art?
Looking back at all my books, I would say that they come from my life, from the personal--which includes my observations of the lives of others, family and friends. 

15 - What other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life outside of your work?
J. M Coetzee didn't shy away from interrogating colonisation in his home country of South Africa. He shone the harshest of lights on racism and its various ways of power in S.A, but this light was not blinding--it was illuminating, and courageous. I imagine he made enemies, on all sides, but he and his books didn't tread lightly. He is a beacon for me.   

16 - What would you like to do that you haven't yet done?
Spend time in north India, Devprayag specifically, at the confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers. I often imagine being at the source of the Bhagirathi, Gomukh, which means the cow's mouth, at the foot of the Gangotri Glacier. It is stunning that that little opening, the mouth of the cow, through which a trickle of glacial meltwater runs eventually meets up with Alaknanda in Devprayag and the two join others that then all create the River Ganges.  

17 - If you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or, alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a writer?
I'd like to have been a long distance bicyclist. In my dreams, of course. Or a cocoa farmer. Or a coffee roaster. Maybe a chef. A perpetual scholar. 

18 - What made you write, as opposed to doing something else?
An opportunity taken, and the joy discovered there in being able to 'speak', to use my voice, to unearth, to create order out of the unruly. 

19 - What was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?

Texaco by Patrick Chamoiseau. 

Jonathan Glazer's The Zone of Interest.

20 - What are you currently working on?
I am writing what may end up being non-fiction, perhaps a real memoir, in which I search for the how and whys of my grand yet troublesome father.  

12 or 20 (second series) questions;

Tuesday, November 26, 2024

12 or 20 (second series) questions with Oluwaseun Olayiwola

Oluwaseun Olayiwola is a poet, critic, choreographer, and performer based in London. His poems have been published and anthologized in The Guardian, The Poetry Review, PN Review, Oxford Poetry, Tate, bath magg, Fourteen Poems, Re•creation, and Queerlings. As a Ledbury Poetry Critic, he’s written reviews for The Guardian, The Telegraph, The Times Literary Supplement, the Poetry School, Magma Poetry, Poetry Birmingham Literary Journal, and the Poetry Book Society. His poetry has been commissioned by the Royal Society of Literature and Spread the Word.

1 - How did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to your previous? How does it feel different?

I’m still waiting on it to be released (Jan 2025 in US and UK) so perhaps I don’t have yet the retrospective eye that I assure you I crave, and for some reason, thirst at the thought of being able to reflect on. I never really had the fear that I wouldn’t be able to do it. No, the fear was more would it be of quality, and this, is still to be decided and seen.

2 - How did you come to poetry first, as opposed to, say, fiction or non-fiction?

I think dancing led me more neatly to poetry than to the others. I think I can say for years, I’d softly consumed poetry, usually used in voiceovers for dance music. Growing up in the Pentecostal tradition as well, listening to and reading the bible weekly, attending church, and being preached at––one could say there was also a poetic quality to those Sunday sermons. There were some feeble attempts at writing fan fiction where I was the main character, some guy (a peer, a choreographer, a teacher) was a pretend lover, but those, I know now, were just ways to express to myself a queerness that wasn’t being entirely nurtured, even accepted; a queerness that wasn’t being entirely given voice to. It’s no surprise my poems move along such desire lines––in equal amounts of repose, and ecstatic upwellings.

3 - How long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?

It’s really a mix of all. Some come quickly, urgently, and have remained mostly unchanged. But I would say that, as I look across my manuscript, many are often poems I wrote,  I then forgot about, and then months later remembered because a similar theme or word came up in a new poem I was writing. What would happen then is the new poem would likely cannibalize the old one for its best parts, which is usually a line or two, sometimes just a situation. I do have a notes app that I’ve been keeping for more than 6 years that I call ‘Notes for Poetry’. Sometimes whole poems come from that, or just crucial lines that help a wilting poem revivify itself. Two years ago I started “Notes for Prose”, though this one is not nearly as helpful.

On starting a project: I’m able to have my finger in many different pies. This is how I am though I am not sure if it's conducive to my practice. I can often feel paralyzed trying to think across poetry and prose (I’m a critic as well).

4 - Where does a poem usually begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book" from the very beginning?

I remember there being a discourse on Twitter about the difference between a ‘book poet’ or ‘poem poet’, which are funny distinctions. I can’t speak to the validity of the binary, but I can say, I think as I began to see that these poems could be collected into a book, I slid towards being a ‘book poet’. Of course, it is always composed of individual poems, but I quite think I’m a tonal, musical thinker and as what was maybe 8-10 salvageable poems became 30, then 40, I found myself thinking more cosmically about the book, less about what it was saying, and more about how it was sounding itself.

5 - Are public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort of writer who enjoys doing readings?

Oh yeah, I love reading in public. I’m a dancer by training so I like lights on me. But, contrarily, I wouldn’t call myself a showy reader really. I actually tend be more or less still and try to channel the poetic energy through my voice, which has a resonance to it. I rarely gesture, and I think people have come to expect of me some more elaborate performance movements as I read, but that would feel to me a great disservice to the poems, which is the medium through which what I feel in the moment comes through. Also, it’s more easy to tell if a line is wrong (untruthful, clunky, out-of-place, too explanatory) when you’re reading it to others.

6 - Do you have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current questions are?

What is intimacy? What does it take to really, really be with another human? Versus, what does it take to really be with another human?

7 – What do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Do they even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?

Oh I don’t know. Writers and writings are so various. I think writers all do something fundamental though––they tell us who was alive, when, and, most importantly, how.

8 - Do you find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or both)?

I love it––I’m a high conceptualizer, an ENFP––I daydream, fantasize, theorize. And poems are one way in which I try to bring myself back to the ground, though one might find in my poems a interest, maybe desperation, for horizontal movement. Editors are people on the ground, who are trying to catch you. You know in movies when someone is jumping off a building, but there’s a group of people with a blanket below, trying to catch them like a hammock of sorts?

It's essential for me. I like making messes (but really like crisp finished products) and my editors at Soft Skull Press and Fitzcarraldo Editions, helped me clean up the work. I don’t mean in the language so much (though one can always be tighter) but conceptually, structurally. As someone who didn’t study English/creative writing in a normative way, it was also important for me to feel my editors were teaching me about craft, implicitly or explicitly. This was achieved.

9 - What is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you directly)?

Don’t imitate. Steal.

10 - How easy has it been for you to move between genres (poetry to critical prose)? What do you see as the appeal?

I move quite fluidly, giving myself permission in critical prose to be as poetic as I need, understanding the conventions of lyric poetry as critical. It’s harder the other way around, but more worthwhile. How to make the rhetoric as interesting (musically or argumentatively) as the bombastic image flying off the handle. But sometimes it’s okay to just make the argument, lose the image, lose the prettiness, lose the glamour, and argue.

11 - What kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does a typical day (for you) begin?

Writing this book, when my life was less structured, and I was more financially scant, I could wake up at 7 and write until ten, eleven. That’s when my brain starts to go. But if you do that, even for like two months, so much gets done. Now it’s all over the place. I lecture three days a week, with the other two days essentially for writing. Mondays are bad, I do scroll the most on Mondays! Why though?? I also believe protecting your writing time, as I take from Zadie Smith, is essential, but much more difficult the more responsibility you have to others, students, friends, colleagues. It really is a paradox, you need a life to write about and time away from that life to write about it.

12 - When your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a better word) inspiration?

I steal lines and reorganize them from other poets, randomly off my shelf. Though, there are some books that are ripe (and by that, I mean so masterful any line jolts you into saying something) for theft: anything by John Ashbery, lots of Jorie Graham. Louise Glück is harder to steal from materially, but her tone is so impressive (as in it impresses itself on you) that after a couple of poems, when I want to be, and see the value of being, less woo-woo. I am very suggestive person.

13 - What fragrance reminds you of home?

Aboniki Balm which is kind of menthol rub.

14 - David W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms that influence your work, whether nature, music, science, or visual art?

As a choreographer and dancer, dance definitely influences my work implicitly. Contemporary dance, I’d hazard, taught me to ngaf what I write, after having twisted my body into so many forms and shapes.

15 - What other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life outside of your work?

SZA and Frank Ocean. Rita Dove –– I read one of her poems every couple of months and am just reminded of how limited my imagination is. And then work towards opening it. Jorie Graham who was recommended to me, Louise Glück who was recommended to me by Amazon, and more recently writers like Christina Sharpe and Carmen Maria Machado

16 - What would you like to do that you haven't yet done?

Write a book made of mostly sentences. Or entirely.

17 - If you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or, alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a writer?

Definitely a model. I think I could still be one.

18 - What made you write, as opposed to doing something else?

I danced first. Well, if I’m being accurate, I did music first, as a trombonist. And then danced. But both of these forms, I felt given to. Writing was the one I didn’t know if was innate in me. Music and Dance were. Writing was something I had to graduate into my life and I’m still figuring out how to do that––

19 - What was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?

Like A Ghost I Leave You – Quotes By Edvard Munch

20 - What are you currently working on?

Poems and sentences––I don’t say that to be facetious. Writing a good sentence is so difficult! And I think I have to think of it as that small, the local, to keep the same intensity I’d like my work to have, the same force––Paragraphs, yikes!

12 or 20 (second series) questions;

Friday, September 20, 2024

12 or 20 (second series) questions with Vincent Toro

Vincent Toro is a Puerto Rican poet, playwright, and professor. He is the author of two previous poetry collections: Tertulia and Stereo.Island.Mosaic., which won the Poetry Society of America’s Norma Farber First Book Award. He is a recipient of the Caribbean Writer’s Cecile deJongh Literary Prize, the Spanish Repertory Theater’s Nuestras Voces Playwriting Award, a Poets House Emerging Poets Fellowship, a New York State Council on the Arts Fellowship in Poetry, and a New Jersey State Council on the Arts Individual Artist Fellowship for poetry. His poetry and prose have been published in dozens of magazines and journals and have been anthologized in Chorus: A Literary Mixtape, by Saul Williams, Puerto Rico en Mi Corazón, Best American Experimental Writing 2015, Até Mais: Latinx Futures, and The Breakbeat Poets Vol. 4: LatiNext. He is an assistant professor of English at Rider University, a Dodge Foundation poet, and a contributing editor for Kweli Journal.

1 - How did your first book change your life? How does your most recent work compare to your previous? How does it feel different?

I think participating in the process of art making is always life changing, even when there’s no final product. There were many tangible and intangible changes that came with that first book finally being out in the world, but two stand out to me. The first change was psychological. Before that book, there was a general disquiet I was carrying, a vexing sense of urgency. It was a long road to getting that first book published. There were 20 years of detours and setbacks, which included starting an MFA program that I could not afford to finish. Through most of it I had to work two to three jobs, and I was coming from a working class background where I didn’t have many connections or guides to help get me there. When at thirty-six I decided to try an MFA program a second time, I was already trying to come to terms with the reality that it might not happen, that maybe I just didn’t have it in me to finish and publish a book. So when I finally got there, publishing my first collection at the age of forty-one, some of that panic of “what am I doing here?” subsided. It bolstered my confidence to know that I could make it happen, and that feeling ended up extending into other parts of my life, my relationships, my teaching, how I went about my day to day.

Another way in which it changed my life was that it got me “in the room.” Having a book out helped me gain access to the communities of writers and artists that I admired and respected and wanted to be in conversation and in collaboration with. My central desire has always been to live a life populated with art and artists. That first publication rendered me visible to groups of people who quite literally did not see me before (even though I was in fact there). My new found visibility brought me in contact with the kind of people I wanted to be around, and provided opportunities that made my desire to be immersed in a world of art a reality. 

Each of my books are (to my view) quite distinct from one another. But this third book is a huge leap from what I am doing in the first two. There has always been an experimental aspect to my writing, but with Hivestruck I took a lot of risks with regard to what I was writing about and in the methods I used to create the work. In fact, I made it a goal to write poems that were not like the ones in my first two books. Those books very much grew out of my experience as a spoken word/slam poet and stage performer. They were driven by sound and orality, poems to be performed in a public space. With HIVESTRUCK, the starting point for the poems was not musicality and orality. Instead, I began composing with a focus on what I would call the “conceptual architecture” of the poems. That is, I treated the poems like art objects that might be mounted in a gallery, where the physical structure and the look of the poem is central to making meaning. For some poems, I even gave myself the challenge of writing a piece that couldn’t be read aloud or performed (knowing, of course, that all language can be pronounced and recited).  

I also made the decision to write a “book,” rather than a collection of poems. During TERTULIA’s release I did a podcast conversation with Willie Perdomo where he said that he doesn’t write poems anymore, he writes books. For some reason, that hadn’t really occurred to me before, and that notion sparked something in me. I connected what he said to the work of The Mars Volta, a band that I am unabashedly obsessed with (honestly, I can’t believe it took me this long to mention them). Early on, their albums were all concept albums where each song is woven into a larger unifying idea, more symphony than a series of “singles.” This spurred me to make it a goal to write HIVESTRUCK as a “concept album” rather than a bunch of “singles.”

Moreover, my first two books were very much about Puerto Rican and Latinx Identity, the poems coming out of my work as a social justice arts educator in New York. These are themes and fields that were already a part of my body, ideas and histories that I lived and that I already knew quite a bit about. But HIVESTRUCK is engaging with issues related to technology, astronomy, math, and computer science. Though I had a long standing fascination with these things, I possessed only a very rudimentary education about them when I started to construct the book. The learning curve was a long one to get me to where I felt I could write my way through these subjects meaningfully. I had to spend about a decade reading and researching to become an “amateur expert.”  As a result of all this, this book feels radically different to me, almost as if a different author wrote it.

2 - How did you come to poetry first, as opposed to, say, fiction or non-fiction?

I came to poetry first because I came to music first, and poetry is, above all things, music. My fascination with music goes back to when I was maybe three or four years old. As my mother tells it, I would go about the family apartment belting out a toddler’s cut-up version of the chorus to Santana’s “Black Magic Woman” and Frank Sinatra’s rendition of “New York, New York.” I grew to not only be fixated on singing and sound making, but also lyrics. In middle school, my amigo Terry and I were fanatically memorizing and spitting back to each other lines from the raps of Public Enemy, Run DMC, and Ice T. This was all a prelude to when my first mentor gave me a copy of Pedro Pietri’s Puerto Rican Obituary when I was fifteen years old, which led this scrawny Boricua kid who grew up in a house without books to decide that he was going to be a poet.

In hindsight, I can see that I had always been thinking and operating “poetically,” even with no frame of reference for it back then. In elementary school, I was reprimanded several times by teachers because I refused to write in paragraph form. Stanzas felt inherently natural to me, while I still feel relatively uneasy with the paragraphs of prose. But I do have a real love for fiction. By the 5th or 6th grade I was reading a dozen or so novels a year. I take great pleasure in reading fiction, I just never had too much interest in writing it. When I am compelled to create something that needs more conventional narrative methods, I turn to playwriting, which shares some elements with poetry, such as the emphasis on sound (voice) and a layout on the page that is not the paragraph. But it goes well beyond just preferring the stanza whenever I take up a pen. I think and communicate in ways that just seem instinctive to poetry. Poetry is my operating system. It is how I process and engage with the world.    

3 - How long does it take to start any particular writing project? Does your writing initially come quickly, or is it a slow process? Do first drafts appear looking close to their final shape, or does your work come out of copious notes?

The short answer is it takes forever and is incredibly slow. Pero the thing is, a “project” is a “product,” and I can’t really say I am focused on product making most of the time. Like I said, poetry is just my way of being in the world (and of coping with it). The process elements of reading/researching, drafting, revising, and performing are components of my day to day existence, so it is hard for me to pinpoint when a specific contained work of poetry “begins” and “finishes.” I am also the opposite of a creature of habit. I am repelled by habit and routine, so these process stages of my art happen disproportionately and in rather varying time intervals. It’s more of a binge and purge, feast and famine situation with regard to my writing habits. A lot of time is spent collecting language and references, sketching ideas, and playing with sound and text. There is a fair amount of improvisation and play involved, and an absolute excess of reading. I suppose I typify Roberto Bolaño’s satirical characterization of the Latin American writer as one who reads a lot and publishes a little. It’s more like sculpting to me. I dedicate substantial time and space to “make clay” or to gather materials for my sculpture. 90 percent of the process is making clay.

I do eventually get to a place where I have all this “clay” sitting around in my notebooks and different computer folders. Then I will start to review it all, shuffle, dice and splice things until something like a more fully formed poem begins to reveal itself. Then I expanded this method into weaving a series of poems, then sections. At some point in all this I do get product minded and take up shaping what I have into a book. An effect of functioning this way is that the work for all three of my books happened on an overlapping timeline. So the earliest poems in STEREO.ISLAND.MOSAIC. can be traced back to spoken word pieces I was performing under the title GODS AND GUNS back around 2000 and 2001, with the last poems written in late 2015, about six months before the book was published. TERTULIA’s earliest pieces were composed around 2006, when I was living in Texas and working as the theater director for the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, with the most recent poems in that collection completed in February of 2020. There is a poem in HIVESTRUCK that was initially sketched out in 1998, but I really started creating materials for this book around 2011 when I started my MFA at Rutgers. The last poem I wrote for this book was composed in January of this year. I figure that’s about a ten to fifteen year arc for each book from beginning to end, if I had to pin down specific moments of inception to publication. I got compadres who hammer out a book a year, so it seems like I do have quite a long, slow arc in my process by comparison.      

4 - Where does a poem usually begin for you? Are you an author of short pieces that end up combining into a larger project, or are you working on a "book" from the very beginning?

Oh, I think I might have answered this one cumulatively in my previous responses. So I’ll just reiterate that I find it difficult to pinpoint where a book begins or ends for me, and that for my first two books, the focus was on writing solid singular poems that I later worked into collection, finding the conceptual framework only after most of the poems were written. Whereas with this new book, the intent was to write a book from a fairly early stage in the process. 

5 - Are public readings part of or counter to your creative process? Are you the sort of writer who enjoys doing readings?

This might be the simplest and easiest question to answer: Yes! Claro que si! Absolutely!

I am theater trained, and I got my start in poetry doing slam at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Performing and writing are inextricably linked for me. They are not separate things. I would even go so far as to say that the performing of the poem is THE thing, it is the reason for even writing the poem. In the poetic lineages of BIPOC people and people of the Global South, poetry’s essence resides in the oral tradition. It’s music! It’s theater! And the reason for all of it is to create and nurture community.

You know, for the first year or so of the pandemic, I found it impossible to write. I came to understand that this inability to write at that time was because I had no real reason to write, because I write in order to make community. The whole point is to write something that you can bring to a stage, go into a classroom with, huddle up in a bar around, to share it out loud with others. As my body was despairing during the pandemic that it had so little human contact, I started to question if I would ever get to inhabit such spaces again. For a spell, my creative spirit just gave up on the idea of writing, because writing is only the bridge to community. Fortunately we are back in the world, together, and I have gradually gone back to my old writing process, because the meaning for it all has returned. I tell you, I cannot live without experiencing oral poetry and stage theater and live music. Or at least I wouldn’t want to.

On a quick craft point: Live readings are also part of my editing process. Hearing my poems out loud and gauging them with audiences helps me to hear what is working, what needs tweaking, and provides me with a more complete vision for a piece and what it is meant to be doing. 

6 - Do you have any theoretical concerns behind your writing? What kinds of questions are you trying to answer with your work? What do you even think the current questions are?

I’m not sure if you are asking about theoretical concerns in craft or in vision, but I think posing, engaging, and exploring questions is the primary engine of the work. I regularly share with my students this interview with Julia Alvarez where she paraphrases Checkhov, who insisted that the purpose of an artist’s work is not to provide answers, but rather to articulate a question clearly. That says a lot about my approach. With each art poem/play/book, I am attempting to articulate a particular question for myself and for the reader/listener/audience. The questions I am trying to articulate are expansive and varying from poem to play, but with my three poetry books, each had an overarching, guiding question that unified the collection.

STEREO.ISLAND.MOSAIC. examines the very personal question of “what does it mean to be Puerto Rican/Caribbean/Latinx?”

TERTULIA explores the question of “how do BIPOC groups in the U.S. and the people of the Global South resist the coloniality of power?”

HIVESTRUCK asks “in the age of the technopoly (Neil Postman identifies the technopoly as the current era where humans have chosen to worship technology like a religion.), what is a person?

I think all of those questions are still quite relevant. At least, they are relevant to me, as I am still engaging with them, and will probably continue to try to unpack them in future work. Of course each of them have hundreds of disparate but related questions springing from their branches.

7 – What do you see the current role of the writer being in larger culture? Do they even have one? What do you think the role of the writer should be?

Well let me start with how I sense others currently see that role. Here in the U.S., a culture still locked in the thrall of Global Militaristic Capitalism, there are those people who want to deify the writer, to give the writer a privileged place in the hierarchy, and to prove that writers deserve to receive some of the spoils available to the privileged. Then there are those who think the writer is a useless annoyance (unless their books can generate massive revenue) who is better left ignored, and is entirely undeserving of said spoils. I’ve come to see the writer outside of the Capitalist framework that renders us as either “special people” or “non-people.” In fact, it is my conviction that the idea of there being “special people” is a violent notion bolstered to help maintain systems of inequality.

I think writers and what we do are absolutely vital to the world, but in the same way that nurses and electricians and mathematicians and farmers are absolutely vital. We contribute to the larger whole by providing a specific essential service. Our particular contribution is in making and codifying culture, in synthesizing the different fields of knowledge, in transmitting and translating those fields of knowledge, in articulating and critiquing the machinations of power, and in evolving how collectivities of human beings think and operate. It’s the synthesizing part of that statement that is most important. Octavio Paz, in making an argument for the important of the humanities, claimed that those of us that work in the humanities (which, of course, includes writers) are the ones who weave together and makes sense of this world of cordoned off “specialists” that the post-industrial world has produced. He said without someone to unify these otherwise isolated fields of knowledge and to make them accessible to everyone, social entropy will take hold. We need the writers (and others in the humanities) to perform this function. And there will never be a time when human societies are not in need of someone to do that work. So though what writing looks like and how writers write will inevitably morph over time, I can’t foresee a human world where the writer will not have a place. I think the writer’s strike this past year did a good job of revealing this to be true.

8 - Do you find the process of working with an outside editor difficult or essential (or both)?

Is it an either/or proposition? Can’t it be both? I mean, perhaps it is my theater training, but I don’t really think any artist can function in a void. We need collaborators and co-conspirators, someone who can look at what we are doing from the outside and can tell us what they see, ask us questions, provoke us to think about our work differently. But this is a relationship, and all relationships require labor, patience, flexibility, a mutual effort to understand each other. As a former collaborator from my theater days in San Antonio once said to me, “pero es un lindo trabajo.” It’s beautiful work! Or at least it can be. Like all relationships, a good deal hinges on who it is you are involving yourself with. The right collaborators/co-conspirators can make utter magic together. Conversely, it can be toxic if the people involved cannot come to understand each other.

I have been quite lucky in my life to have worked with some really wonderful editors. Janet Holmes, who ran Ahsahta Press where my first book was published, handled my work as a new author with such care and patience. She didn’t try to impose her own aesthetics and ideology on me, and as a white woman editing a book rooted in Latinx and Caribbean poetic legacies, she was not dismissive of what she didn’t understand (which I have experienced elsewhere). Similarly, Paul Slovak and Allie Merola at Penguin, and their team, trust that I know what I am doing and commit to my vision for a book, while also guiding me to making the work as strong as it can be by asking critical questions, encouraging me to dig deeper in places where they see I can go further, and keep me focused while providing space for me to experiment and take risks, which is in my nature as an artist.

They are and have been my official editors, but writers also have those editors who are not listed in the rolling credits of the film, right? I am very fortunate, and honored to be married to a first rate writer and scholar, Dr. Grisel Y. Acosta. She is my first reader and has done countless hours of unpaid editorial work, offering feedback, advice, and encouragement, labor I hope I have reciprocated.

So it again goes back to this idea that art/writing is all about making and nurturing community, no? 

9 - What is the best piece of advice you've heard (not necessarily given to you directly)?

This relates to what I have been saying about the importance of relationships and art as community building. I received this wisdom from my first mentors in the theater world, from playwrights Carmen Rivera and Candido Tirado. It is not anything that can easily be summarized or wrapped up in a catchy sentence. They showed me the very difficult truth that some folks are genuinely there to build with you and want to help you and your work flourish, and there are those who will take on the appearance and use the language of a collaborator and co-conspirator, but they will try to sabotage your work by weaponizing feedback and critique. They taught me it was important to learn how to distinguish between the two, in order to protect myself and my vision, but also to protect the artistic communities that I find myself a part of. As their mentee, I watched them interact with other writers, directors, actors, and producers, and saw how they carried themselves, how they made themselves always available to help, but how they protected their space, their plays, with dignity and without toxicity. Learning this from them has carried me through these last 30 years of my career.

10 - How easy has it been for you to move between genres? What do you see as the appeal?

Depends on the genre. I have always been a sponge for art and a creative polyglot who loves what people consider highbrow and lowbrow art. Hivestruck was inspired in part by science fiction films and novels, and my first two books are heavily influenced by pop artists in music and visual art, from Björk to Pedro Almodóvar to Basquiat to Octavia Butler and comedian Freddie Prinze. Actually, central to my art is the act of blurring - or even eliminating - the aesthetic and ideological walls of genre and style. It’s all Édouard Glissant’s Poetics of Relation to me. The appeal, the joy, is in bridging all these disparate worlds together in a way that also abolishes hierarchies. I also blend forms and techniques, and I love to juxtapose vernaculars and jargon from different subcultures. Genres can be fun, but they are also constructs designed to sell and market products. It’s the artist’s duty to flip the script on all that.

11 - What kind of writing routine do you tend to keep, or do you even have one? How does a typical day (for you) begin?

I think I covered this a bit with one of the prior questions, but I am rather anti-routine, which can feel liberating, but I know it is also a personal obstacle. I grew up in a rather chaotic household, there were no rituals we adhered to. We were taught to be responsible about meeting obligations for work, but outside of that, life is a free for all. This bred me to be averse to routines and stubborn about doing only what I want when I want. Perhaps that was why I didn’t make a great athlete when I was playing sports back in my school days. The idea of doing the same workout everyday at the same time repulses me. I am well aware that this is to my own detriment.

Theater did offer me another way, however. Stage productions operate on a schedule, but for a finite timeline where you can see the finish line. You work intensely for three months and then the run is over and you can go back to an unstructured life. I suppose it is fitting I ended up a professor, where I work intensely in four month intervals, and then go back to waking up and doing things at different times every day. And I have adopted this for my creative and writing life as well. I work intensely for marked intervals, and then I can go back to living randomly for a spell, before I have to get back to living by my alarm. When I am in professor mode, I am up early, my schedule packed tightly, and steadily juggling the classroom with administrative work with my work as an artist. In between semesters, my days are a random sancocho of reading, drinking coffee, music playing, errands, film watching, city walks, writing and other art making. A few months ahead of a deadline - either the semester is about to begin or I have a piece I have to write or a production coming up -  I’ll tighten the reins and push myself to keep more structured and saner hours. 

12 - When your writing gets stalled, where do you turn or return for (for lack of a better word) inspiration?

Art. I return to some art or artist I know will ignite my intellect or my senses. The impetus for me to write comes from two places: I set to work when some injustice or corrosive power draws my ire, or when I have taken in another work of art that moves me so deeply it fires up the impulse to create again. The first impetus can’t be artificially provoked, and it would be awful if one could spawn injustice to happen just to make art. With the former I am usually taken by surprise and it's kind of a “drop everything you're doing to work this out on the page” situation. But when I haven’t created new work for a spell and I am feeling like I need to make something happen, I’ll go and watch a Pasolini film, or hit up a museum, spend a few hours mixing up records on my sound system, or - when I really need to return to the source - I read some Derek Walcott. Walcott always makes me want to write, and to be a better writer (and to question why I even try because he is just so damn good).

13 - What fragrance reminds you of home?

Whatever fragrance my wife is wearing that evening, because she is my home.

14 - David W. McFadden once said that books come from books, but are there any other forms that influence your work, whether nature, music, science or visual art?

Yeah, lo siento, pero I have to respectfully disagree with McFadden. I take the position of Kurt Vonnegut here, who said, “I think it can be tremendously refreshing if a creator of literature has something on his mind other than the history of literature so far. Literature should not disappear up its own asshole, so to speak.” Books coming from books makes for insular work that exists in an echo chamber and risks being irrelevant to the world at large.

I already mentioned how I tend to turn to film, visual art, theater, and (primarily) music to replenish the creative well and gather material for my art. But I also strongly advocate taking the time to learn from and engage with things outside the realm of art. You referred to nature and science, for example. I am puro city kid, not the outdoorsy type, but I find that going for long walks (through any kind of environment) replenishes the well. Though I struggle with a steady exercise routine, I do find that physical activity can also kick things into gear. Playing some basketball used to do it for me, before I tore up my ankle one too many times. And dancing, which I still do, though now it’s just for 30 minutes in my living room; my clubbing days are far, far in the past. I have writer friends who like tinkering with electronics, some who knit, others who fish, who take up running. Whatever has you engaging with the world beyond literature, so you have something to bring back to the page with you when you return.  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edouard-Glissant

15 - What other writers or writings are important for your work, or simply your life outside of your work?

During the release of my last book, Tertulia, Jose B. Gonzalez asked me in an interview about my poetry being steeped in history. That’s because I have such a small obsession with history, not for nostalgic reasons, but because I am a descendent of colonized people whose history and culture hegemonic powers have continually tried to erase. Reclaiming my history has become crucial to my writing and my teaching. It has aided me in understanding myself and mi gente, and it has also helped me understand our oppressor better. So I read a good deal of Latin American history, politics, and cultural texts… a lot of decolonial theory. Eduardo Galeano is essential reading. Aníbal Quijano’s Coloniality of Power is cornerstone, and I think I already mentioned Antonio Benítez-Rojo and Édouard Glissant. Their theories heavily informed my first two books. There’s also Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, Edward Said, Arundhati Roy, Judith Butler, Juan Flores and Miriam Jiménez Román. José Esteban Muñoz’s texts are absolutely necessary. And right now I am trying to read everything by Marie Arana, one of the foremost writers on Latinx and Latin American people currently working. Being an educator, I also read my share of pedagogical texts such as bell hooks, Paulo Freire, Neil Postman, and Dr. Bettina Love. And I read an unreasonable amount of books about music, too many to name here. Music books are my go to when I just want to read for pleasure. 

16 - What would you like to do that you haven't yet done?

I am extremely fortunate to be able to say that most of what I have wanted to do with my life I have already done. But I would love to visit as much of the planet as I can while I am alive. It would be great to get to see more of Latin America, and to finally travel to East Asia and somewhere in Africa. I also would like to one day be fully fluent in Spanish well enough to read One Hundred Years of Solitude in its original language. 

17 - If you could pick any other occupation to attempt, what would it be? Or, alternately, what do you think you would have ended up doing had you not been a writer?

I think I am already doing the only other work I am cut out for: teaching. If I can use this question to fantasize for a minute here, though, a dream job would be hosting a travel show, one that focuses on culture and history instead of food. Stanley Tucci recently did his “Searching for Italy” show. I’d love to create a show “Searching for Latin America” and host it. 

18 - What made you write, as opposed to doing something else?

Well, I began writing because I was bullied and silenced as a young child. There was a real danger in opening my mouth back then, there would be physical repercussions, so I took to laying down what I was experiencing in a notebook. Then when I started reading out of those notebooks at open mics on the slam circuit I felt a kind of liberation. Writing and performing poetry was the option that made itself available to me for inexplicable reasons. I suppose part of that has to do with class. My one true artistic love is music, but there was no money in my family for expensive instruments and private lessons. A pen and notebook is the cheapest set of materials for any artistic discipline. Anyone can take it up. That is why it is such a powerful agent for personal and social change. Believe me, if I had had access to the resources that could have made me a singer or a guitarist, I would have jumped on that. It’s always been about sound and language for me. 

19 - What was the last great book you read? What was the last great film?

Ooh! I just finished reading Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other. That is an utterly heart warming and mind-blowing book. The novel is a kind of tapestry of the lives of Black women in contemporary England. With no single character on a “hero’s journey,” the book serves as an antidote to the single story problem (as articulated by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie). The stories in it are so eclectic and rich and complicated and surprising, with a wonderful balance of humor and serious discourse. And there are hardly any men in the stories. We are in secondary roles and not central to any of the narratives in the book - which I find refreshing, and quite beautiful. And of course that should be the norm. Anyway, I am adamant that everyone should read this book.

And I recently watched About Dry Grasses by my favorite Turkish filmmaker, Nuri Bilge Ceylan. In my book, Tertulia, I wrote an ekphrastic for his film Once Upon a Time in Anatolia. His films are also an antidote: an antidote for the “roller coaster” model of Hollywood films (to quote Martin Scorsese). His films are sprawling, meditative, pieces driven more by character than by plot. They are also visually stunning, every shot is a painting. Ceylan’s films have the nuance and complexity of great novels, they don’t deal in the simplistic good vs. evil binaries of Hollywood films. This makes it a bit difficult to say what his films are “about.” They are about many things, but more importantly they are an experience. What I can say is that About Dry Grasses confronts the blurriness of what we consider to be “truth,” and how disillusionment can lead to bitterness and isolation. The film’s neo-realistic character study of teachers in rural Turkey is blended with a few surprising, artful flourishes and lush cinematography capturing the wintery landscape of central Turkey. I really do wish more films like this were being made right now, films that illuminate the human experience and do not shy away from subtlety and vulnerability, that use image as metaphor - film as poetry.   

20 - What are you currently working on?

Right now, I am back to making clay. There isn’t anything concrete yet. What I can say is that the handful of poems that I do have so far are a kind of sequel to my first book, reaching back but expanding the themes of Latinidad and Puerto Rican and Caribbean history that I was exploring there. The working title for this series is Hurricanticle, but it is at a very early stage, and my work can sometimes become something very different from what I started with during the arc of my process.

It’s been almost seven years since I worked on a play, so I am hoping to get back to that part of my creative life at some point as well. I have a skeleton idea for a play, but there’s not enough there yet to even consider a title or provide a tagline for it. We’ll have to see. Right now I am just trying to be in the present and celebrate the fact that Hivestruck is finally out in the world. 

12 or 20 (second series) questions;